Child sex ratio as per census 2011 was 854 compared to 850 of census 2001. Assuming there is only one person in those identified households doing manual scavenging, there are at least 182,505 manual scavengers in india. Across india, castes that work as manual scavengers collect human excrement on a daily basis, and carry it away in. The census 2011 data showed a significant declining trend in the child sex ratio csr. Sbm guidelines have been placed on the ministrys website. The section of people employed includes those from the oppressed communities as well as old people. Cleaning human waste manual scavenging, caste, and. The frequency of female foeticide in india is increasing day by day. The abhorrent practice of manual scavenging reared its ugly head after two labourers were choked to death while cleaning a 15footdeep clogged manhole on kasbagh road in. There are 740,078 households where night soil human excreta is removed by human beings, according to census 2011.
The socioeconomic caste census of 2011 counted over 1. As per the houselisting and housing census, 2011, there were 7. Demographic profile as per the houselisting and housing census, 2011, there were 7. But the number of manual scavengers identified by the states is just 7%.
Distribution of population, decadal growth rate, sexratio and population density format. Highest numbers of manual scavengers were identified in the state of maharashtra. It is not surprising to learn then that according to the 2011 census,14,828 latrines exist where night soil is. Manual scavenging, caste, and discrimination in india, documents the coercive nature of manual scavenging. At the same time, it causes the problems of sanitation and manual scavenging. Manual scavenging in india is the lifting and removal of human excreta manually, both at private homes and in toilets maintained by public authorities. Chapteriv welfare and rehabilitation of manual scavengers. The women who refuse to do indias dirtiest job global. According to socioeconomic and caste census 2011 of rural india, 1,80,657 rural households surveyed were engaged in manual scavenging. Brief analysis of provisional population figures 2011 census format. The illegal practice of manual scavenging continues in madhya pradesh as 36 cases were identified in a survey conducted by the union ministry of. The national heritage city development and augmentation yojana hriday. For gujarat, that has declared itself as a manual scavenging free state since 1992, the data from census 2011 reveals a presence of over 2,500 households in the state where the night soil is removed physically by humans.
The natural sex ratio is assumed to be between 103 and 107, and any number above. In 1911 census some of them started returning as adi dharmi, adi dravida, adi karnataka and adi andhra. While an act to prohibit manual scavenging in the country is in place, the reality is quite different. Manual scavenging is a term used mainly in india for manually cleaning, carrying, disposing of, or otherwise handling, human excreta in an insanitary latrine or in an open drain or pit. Manual scavengers usually use hand tools such as buckets, brooms and shovels. In 2011, then budaun dm had won the prime ministers award for excellence in public administration for his campaign dalia jalao for eliminating manual scavenging and the practice of dry or insanitary latrines. The current laws had not proved adequate in eliminating the twin evils of insanitary latrines and manual scavenging. Caste forced to clean human waste human rights watch. But the number of manual scavengers identified by the states is just 7% of the households with at least a single member engaged in manual scavenging, according to census 2011. Going by the numbers, the fund outlay of rs 10 crore would not suffice to rehabilitate even 70 per cent of the total household. Indian states and union territories ranked by prevalence. Delhi has become the first state in the country to ban manual scavenging and has barred the deployment of safai karamcharis cleaning staff for manual sewer cleaning, delhi chief minister. Ministry of social justice and empowerment, instructions manual, february, 20 pp.
This 96page report documents the coercive nature of manual scavenging. However, the number of persons still engaged in manual scavenging is not available. Manual scavenging curse continues to haunt state lucknow. Manual scavenging is a term used mainly in india for the manual removal of untreated human excreta from bucket toilets or pit latrines by hand with buckets and shovels. House listing and housing census 2011 released by registrar general shows. Of total 255,475 male and female were 7,768 and 117,707 respectively. However, the number of persons still engaged in manual scavenging 1india. Manual scavenging is an inhuman and caste based practice of manually cleaning human excreta with bare hands is a practice known as manual scavenging. There were total 255,475 children under age of 06 against 298,165 of 2001 census. Manual scavenger means a person engaged or employed on regular or. According to the 2011 census panipat district has a population of 1,202,811. Hence, efforts to bring an end to this inhumane practice should start from the government silent and suffering, oct.
The indian railways remains one of the biggest employers of manual scavengers in the country. Petition eradicate manual scavenging practice from india. Female foeticide in india is the abortion of a female foetus outside of legal methods. Although specifically banned by a law passed in 2003 manual scavenging continues with census 2011 estimating that nearly 8 lakh people were involved in it. Type of latrine from where night soil is removed manually by scavengers. These states are from all the parts of the country. As the kerala government is all set to launch a statewide survey and health study of manual scavengers next week, the unorganised nature of the group and reluctance of people to reveal their job is posing a challenge for authorities. Despite progress, manual scavenging persists in india. It is calculated as number of girls for every boys between age group of 06 years. Census raises stink over manual scavenging pune news. Manual scavenging curse continues to haunt state despite the practice being banned two decades back, manual scavenging continues without a hitch in uttar pradesh.
As per the socio economic and caste census 2011 secc2011 data of manual scavengers released by the ministry of rural development. According to house listing and housing census 2011, andhra pradesh. There are,14,652 toilets where human excreta is flushed in open. The work is being regarded as a castebased, dehumanizing practice. Houselisting and housing census 2011 has reported there are 26 lakh insanitary latrines in the nation 12 states have identified 12,000 manual scavengers. Taking serious note of manual scavenging in the pilgrim town of pandharpur here, the bombay high court on wednesday directed the state government to release rs. Manual scavenging is an inhuman practice which is caste based. Though there is no exact figure of people engaged in one or other form of manual scavenging in the state, their total number is. How kerala government is planning to eliminate manual.
Manual scavenging, caste, and discrimination in india hrw. Manual scavenging, the practice of carrying raw human excreta with bare hands, is often perceived as a practice that took place in the past or something that happens in rural india. Banned in state, but mumbai has most scavengers mumbai. Manual scavenging continues to raise a stink in madhya. This group seeks inputs and suggestions for eliminating manual scavenging through fast paced demolitionconversion of insanitary latrines and effective rehabilitation of manual scavengers. It involves moving the excreta, using brooms and tin plates, into. Census 2011 belies gujarats claims, 2,500 households. The national heritage city development and augmentation yojana hriday was launched by the honble udm on 21. Castebased discrimination or untouchability was banned in india in 1955 and down the decades several policy measures have been announced to end the inhumane custom of manual scavenging. Manual scavenging is really about caste discrimination. There are,14,652 toilets where human excreta is flushed in open drains, 7,94,390 dry latrines where the human excreta is cleaned manually. This gives it a ranking of 396th in india out of a total of 640. The 2011 census of india found 794,000 cases of manual scavenging across india. A case s tudy rajeev kumar singh, ziyauddin this note deals with the problem of manual scavenging in india as a form of caste and occupationbased social exclusion.
It tries to explore the causes and reasons for the continuance of this social evil in india with a case study of ghazipur district in eastern. Manual scavenging is illegal, so why do states continue to. It has been officially prohibited by law in 1993 due to it being regarded as a castebased, dehumanizing practice if not done in a safe manner. Delhi becomes first state to ban manual scavenging the hindu. Government claims to have assisted 91% of indias manual. Census 2011 data has revealed that mumbai has 1,7 manual scavengersthe highest in the statefollowed by akot municipal council in akola district with 530. According to the census in 2011, india has a recorded 1,80,657 manual scavengers who are cleaning 9. The state of maharashtra, with 63,7, tops the list with the largest number of. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001 2011 was 24.
Read more about i can end manual scavenging in three years. Know the budget outlay of manual scavenging in india. Manual scavenging as per the socio economic and caste census 2011 secc2011 data which is based on respondent input as revealed by the household to the enumerator and released by ministry of rural development 1,82,505 respondent households in rural areas reported themselves as manual scavengers. Contrary to the state governments claim that maharashtra does not have manual scavengers, census 2011 has found a high prevalence of this revolting. According to the india census 2011, there are more than 2. Ministry of urban development ministry of housing and. The latest socioeconomic caste census data released in july 2015 revealed that in india 1,80,657 households are engaged in manual scavenging for their livelihood. There are 11 states where there are manual scavengers even today.
Kerala to conduct survey to eliminate manual scavenging. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Does indian law prohibit or promote manual scavenging. The 2011 census of india found 794,000 cases of manual scavenging across panipat is known for three seminal battles in the history of india, in the first b list of villages fully merged in towns and outgrowths at 2011 census. The film, shot over a year across 25 cities and towns of tamil nadu, showcases the individual. Interview with founder, sulabh international by continuing to use this site you consent to the use of cookies on your device as described in.
But this effective promotion of manual scavenging, by ignoring its own definitions and laws, is not unique to this government. This is a whopping 86% of all manual scavengers in the country. Unfortunately, manual scavenging is a dehumanising and humiliating daily reality in india taking place not only in rural areas but also in mega cities like delhi. First it is through dry toilets, where human excreta to a place of disposal.
160 278 111 384 32 1648 891 1224 657 902 731 1140 131 411 653 83 48 1398 928 1034 1230 1333 638 510 869 1678 646 1247 457 818 374 984 356 1109 528 958 807